Despite the huge number of modern heating appliances, stoves in the house do not lose their position. However, brick structures of the 21st century are much different from their predecessors - bulky classic Russian stoves with a large stove bench and very limited heat transfer.
One of the most effective solutions is the Russian stove with a stove - more compact and suitable for heating both a country house and a building for permanent residence. We suggest that you consider the schemes and orders of the model with a plate, which may be needed if you decide to do the construction yourself.
Stove oven - multi-purpose facility
The stove is so useful, convenient and ergonomic that the construction of a structure without it simply loses its meaning. Perhaps that is why all modern modifications of the Russian stove have cast-iron stoves - with one, two and even three rings.
In fact, models with a stove do not contradict one of the main signs of the Russian stove - they have two fireboxes. Just a small firebox and is responsible for heating the stove. At the same time, in simple stoves, it has a separate chimney, at the top connected to the chimney of the furnace.
One of the popular options for the location of the stove is right in front of the mouth of the furnace. Warming up is carried out regardless of the large firebox, through the lower underflood
For more complex designs, there is the possibility of a “summer” and a “winter” furnace: in the first case, the small furnace (underfloor) works autonomously, and in the second, it is used to heat the walls and the large furnace.
There is a third option for the location of the underfloor - in the main structure, but from the side or from the opposite side. This solution is not always acceptable - for example, if the furnace must be placed in a corner. In this case, it is more convenient if both fireboxes are located on one side and are located one above the other.
A successful engineering solution, in which a small furnace with a cast-iron stove is made separately, but has a common wall with the main structure. Less - takes up more area
The advantages of the hob design are obvious:
- autonomous heating with a lower degree of heat transfer;
- fast heating process of cast iron and walls;
- cooking on the stove all kinds of dishes;
- the possibility of heating or storing food in a warm form;
- economical fuel consumption - firewood;
- easy care - cleaning the ash pan.
On the stove, when it is no longer hot, but slightly cooled, you can dry household items. For the same purpose, use small stoves - small grooves in the walls of the furnace, as well as a brick perimeter around the cast-iron surface.
For summer residents, a model with a flood is much more convenient, since it is used more often. A large firebox is usually used either in early spring or late autumn, when the cold season begins and the entire furnace is required to be heated.
Popular ordering options
Having the order of the Russian stove with hob on hand, you can lay out the structure with your own hands. Of course, you will need the help of an experienced craftsman, since everything is important in the masonry: from the proportions of the components in the solution to the choice of building and insulation materials.
We offer two options, most often requested by the owners of private houses.
Option # 1 - with stove and stove bench
One of the most beloved decisions, combining all the advantages of a real Russian oven: a large crucible for baking bread, a convenient cooker and a wide stove bench, which can be used as an extra bed on cold winter nights.
One of the options for a stove with a stove bench and a stove, which is located in front of the fuel and cooking chamber. The lounger is located behind the annulus, at the rear of the furnace. In the same place there is a fire, a small ladder for lifting
The construction begins, as is customary, with the arrangement of the foundation. We remind you that it is not connected with the foundation of the house and is being built separately. To do this, they usually dig a hole, make formwork and, using reinforcement, pour cement.
After its maturation, the base is isolated with basalt cardboard, steel or other material, leveled and proceed with the construction of the furnace masonry.
It is better to learn the basics of the masonry technique in advance. Usually it is made in half a brick, for a solution, with fitting and pounding. Excess solution should be removed immediately.
Tools: trowel, level, square, plumb, rule - it is better to prepare in advance so that everything is at hand. You also need to buy all the necessary materials: a cast-iron 2-burner stove, furnace and cleaning doors, a grate, latches, a view.
In addition to ordering for the construction of the furnace, drawings and diagrams are also used, showing the construction in section from different angles, with the designation of the main parts and sizes
The model of the stove with a stove bench and tile has one feature - a stove bench is fenced on both sides by walls. This is clearly seen in the order below.
Arrangement of stove with stove bench and stove
Rows from 1st to 16th. When installing pod brick solution is not used. Instead, the gaps between the bricks are clogged with sand or a dry mixture with broken glass.
When installing a cast iron plate, it is necessary to take into account the expansion of the metal during heating.
For this, 2-3 mm gaps are left from the sides, and the plate itself is not placed on the solution, but left to lie loose so that it can be easily removed if necessary.
Rows from the 17th to the 36th. In the manufacture of arched vaults usually use wooden blanks assembled from narrow planks. After the solution has dried and the arches are checked for strength, the templates are removed
If it seems to you that the construction of the final element - the chimney - is easiest, then you are mistaken.
A drawing of a chimney brick pipe. Special laying masonry requires cutting - insulation of 1.5-2 bricks, otters - transition through the roof and head, responsible for traction
Experienced stove makers, laying out the pipe, carefully approach the selection of bricks: they take the most even ones and put them with the smoothest side inward. This is necessary to reduce the degree of contamination of the inner surface - less soot settles on smooth walls, so they have to be cleaned less often.
Option # 2 - with a stove under a cauldron
Despite the fact that the presented sample has almost all the elements of a traditional Russian stove, it takes up little space, very convenient and functional.
The stove is large in size, it is easy to place on it not only pots, but also a large cauldron for preparing oriental dishes.
The author of an engineering miracle is Alexander Volodin. Most of the models he invented are called “underflood”, but not all are equipped with cast iron stoves
When using both fireboxes, it is possible to heat a house with an area of up to 40-50 m², if the structure is intended for a country house, then just a small underfloor stove with a stove will be more actively used.
Stove oven order
It is possible to make changes to the order, but with the condition that they do not contradict safety, logic and masonry rules.
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The size of the base is 6.5 * 4.5 bricks. It is laid out on a previously prepared isolated site, also carefully leveled. Material - solid red stove brick
The beginning of the formation of an ash chamber, a channel for access to the pipe from the stove and the space under the large firebox, which will serve to store firewood or kitchen utensils
Continuation of construction of elements begun in the 2nd row, installation of small cleaning doors
Overlapping "installed" cleaning doors. A large compartment under the main firebox is erected unchanged
The underfloor chamber is located directly under the stove. At the same stage, the channel is divided, the large furnace is unchanged
The firebox is lined with fireclay “under the cauldron”, laid out with brick “on the edge”. It is adapted for the Russian stove, simplified and made not round, as expected, but rectangular
Continuation of the lining. For overlapping, 2 steel corners are used, turned with the inner part to the center
Corners are placed under the base of the main firebox - the cooking chamber. Continuation of the lining “under the cauldron” and construction of a smoke channel for flooding
1 row - flat solid base
3 row - cleaning doors
4 row - installation of a grate
5 row - the formation of the underfloor chamber
7 row - construction of the walls
8 row - installation of corners
In the 7th row, instead of simply overlapping, you can also build an arch, but this is only possible for an experienced stove-maker, since building an arch requires additional time and knowledge of the special technique of processing and laying bricks.
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Overlapping the furnace door, underflooding with a stove, preparation of the base for the furnace
Another layer of bricks for the hearth with the aim of reinforcing, cutting off the corners of the upper row of the underfloor chamber and constructing a flue gas outlet called “hail”
Laying with fireclay bricks over the entire area of the furnace, but it can be replaced with red. Installation of a cast iron stove with one burner, the diameter of which can be reduced or increased by removing the rings
We put the firebox of the Russian stove from fireclay, as this is the most heated section of the structure. Here is the overlap of the high. At the underfloor, the pipe remains out of the smoke channel, the rest is laid with fireclay. We form the mouth of the arched furnace crucible and lay out the back wall
Continuation of masonry in the area of underflooding and around the perimeter of a large firebox with red brick. The site with the slab remains free until the end of construction - it is ready. Slab channel overlap
Installation of the arch of the furnace, which is completely composed of fireclay. Above the blocked underflooding channel, you can build a stove for drying or heating
Perimeter masonry with red brick. Fireclay will no longer be used, except for decorating the facade
We make the building of the perimeter and the inner walls of the chimney flooding. Make sure that the solution does not dry out before use.
9 row - leveling the hearth
10 row - high formation
12 row - the construction of the furnace and cooking chamber
13 row - overlap of the smoke channel
14 row - arch of a large firebox
15 row - erection of walls
16th row - continuation of the 15th row
At this stage, the masonry becomes quite high, so often there is a need for special scaffolding.
An ordinary stool is not enough, since in addition to the stove at a certain height, it is necessary to place a container with a solution and bricks.
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17 row - a bunch of walls with arches
18 row - continuation of the 17th row
19 row - crucible insulation
20 row - total overlap
In the future, fireclay bricks can also be used, but exclusively for aesthetic purposes. Characteristics do not play a role, if desired, it is possible to produce masonry as before - with red solid brick.
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Only the chimney of a stove with a stove and the smoke collector of a large Russian stove remain unclosed
Masonry with red brick, the channel at the stove remains free. We install a valve above a large smoke collector
Combination of two exits for flue gases in a single channel, installation of two cleaning doors
We make laying along the perimeter of the smoke collection channel, align the corners along a plumb line, and the walls - according to the level
We carry out the overlapping of the cleaning doors, which can be fixed to the wire or special, provided by the manufacturer, fastenings
Partial overlap of the chimney, preparation for complete overlap. In the middle corner we make a brick insert
We completely block the smoke channel, make it as airtight as possible. We leave a hole in the length of one brick for the chimney
Across the free hole, we install a cast-iron valve that controls the exit of flue gases from both furnaces
21 row - continuation of the overlap
22 row - installation of a valve
23 row - installation of cleaning doors
24th row - continuation of the 23rd row
25th row - continuation of the 24th row
26 row - channel overlap
27 row - the formation of the chimney
28 row - installation of a valve
Then only the pipe is erected - to the distance remaining to the ceiling.
29-32 rows - the construction of the pipe to the overlap. The size of the masonry is 2x1.5 bricks. We isolate the overlap with non-combustible materials - asbestos, steel sheet
The presented order is suitable for those who do not need a large bed. Otherwise, you will have to increase the length of the combustion chamber or build an extension with smoke channels inside.
Recommendations from experienced stove-makers
If you have the order and a stack of drawings on hand, this does not mean that all the secrets of professional masonry are open to you. There are many little things that need to be considered when building a Russian stove.
To make it easier to work, and the results of work paid off, pay attention to simple but effective rules:
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Before starting construction, you need to determine where it is better to position the stove so that it more efficiently heats the entire house, one or more rooms. It is better if an approach is provided from different angles - for care, cleaning or annual inspection and repair
Russian stove is a three-dimensional design, which we recommend using to the maximum. If there are fire chambers and a stove located on the facade, then from the sides or from the back you can arrange convenient smothers - a ladder on a stove bench, stoves - niches for drying, cleaning chambers and fires for drying firewood
A modern stove should not only function correctly, but also look worthy. To do this, it is decorated with cast-iron parts - doors, latches, views, samovarniki; lined with beautiful ceramic tiles or tiles, use stone or wood trim
For decorating a crucible, it is customary to use not an ordinary full-bodied red brick, as for the whole structure, but fireclay - the most heat-resistant brick. They spread or lining and the firebox of a small stove, which is usually equipped with a stove. Chamotte is also suitable for decorating structures.
The furnace arch is the most labor-intensive and complex element of the furnace for masonry. A wooden template is prepared for its device, which helps to “knock out” the desired shape and hold the arched structure until the solution solidifies. Experienced stove makers use trimmed bricks
A popular way to arrange the inlet to the heating and cooking chamber is an arch. To match it, the mouth is also carried out, directly leading to the furnace compartment. For decoration use contrasting materials that require pre-processing - trimming and grinding
The arched arch of the furnace is covered with backfill - prepare the base for the upper rows. Sand completely fills the wasteland, heats up together with bricks and provides long-term heat storage, which is also transmitted to the upper layer of bricks, i.e.
If you properly equip the furnace under the stove, then the cast iron will heat up to the desired temperature within 15 minutes after the logs have flared up.The correct location of the smoke ducts is important - gases must not enter the room through a door or burners
Location of the structure in the house
Elements of construction from all sides
Selection of materials and parts
The hearth and arch building
Vault manufacturing and insulation
Backfill over the crucible
Firebox masonry under the stove
Do not forget about the quality of the basic materials - bricks and mortar, on which both the heating efficiency and the service life of the structure as a whole depend.
The order of the stove with a large stove bench and tiles:
The order of work during the construction of the furnace with flooding:
Outdoor barbecue with stove:
There are a lot of options for building a stove with a hob - a stove. However, without practice, we do not recommend proceeding with the construction of any chosen model on your own. Be sure to study the subject information and enlist the support of a qualified craftsman, whose work results you are familiar with firsthand.
Please write comments in the block form below the text of the article. Tell us how you built a stove with a stove for cooking in your country house or at your favorite cottage. Ask questions on the topic, post photographs of the process of construction or operation of a brick unit.