Pumping water with a hand pump, of course, is not as convenient as its electric counterpart. The speed of work is not even a close comparison. However, there are situations when a manual water pump is a necessary, and sometimes the only possible solution. For example, as a temporary type at the stage of the device of water supply at home. Buying a device for short-term use is unreasonable. Do you agree?
We offer extensive information on do-it-yourself hand pump options. We give proven practices that are available to home masters in terms of costs and implementation methods. The homemade product created according to our advice will safely serve the time allotted to it.
In the presented article there are valuable recommendations to craftsmen who want to implement a difficult idea. Carefully described are popular and less popular models. The information is backed up by photo collections, diagrams and video guides.
Purpose of manual models
The main purpose of the use of pumping equipment is to pump water from a source to certain points: in a residential building, a bathhouse, a garage, a vegetable garden. In suburban areas, the source is most often wells and wells, less commonly, ponds and other bodies of water.
All residential or country houses can be divided into three categories: permanent, seasonal and periodic residence. Not all of them have electricity, and some are not supplied regularly.
If we summarize all of these factors, we can draw the following conclusions:
- in permanent homes, electricity is used by default, therefore the main equipment for pumping water is an electric pump, and the manual model is a spare reserve unit;
- if the dacha is used only in summer and power lines are connected, then the volatile version also fits perfectly, and the manual fixture plays a secondary role;
- The cottage plot without electricity is most in need of manual equipment.
For irrigation of 2-3 flower beds, you can still scoop up water with buckets, but to ensure full and daily watering of beds, greenhouses and lawns, you need a pump. This is where a model comes in handy that requires a pair of hands to service.
You can make the simplest column yourself by applying the skills of welding and assembling metal or plastic parts.
A sample for the manufacture of your own model can be a factory product assembled from durable cast iron or steel parts, with a convenient handle for use
Some craftsmen are building reliable equipment for wells and wells, which has been serving properly for years. We present a review of homemade products for the manufacture of which improvised material was used.
Types of devices for pumping water
The physical force used to lift water upward is not enough, as the process becomes difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, humanity has long ago come up with many devices that facilitate the lifting of fluid from a well or natural reservoir to the surface.
All devices are united by a common principle of operation, which is based on the interaction of the valve system.
There are a lot of varieties of hand pumps, but four main types can be distinguished:
- piston;
- deep stock (varieties of piston);
- winged;
- membrane.
For home production, the first type is usually chosen if it is necessary to maintain a well of small depth (3-6 m), or the second if it is necessary to lift water from a well from a depth of 10-12 m.
These models are considered the most productive, easy to assemble and install, reliable. The rest have significant drawbacks, the largest of which is considered to be insufficient productivity.
It was piston devices that occupied the main niche among factory manual equipment, they are popular among home craftsmen.
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The control element of the hand-held device is a long handle that acts on the principle of a lever. It controls the stem, which, in turn, moves the fixed piston up / down, so that water is sucked into the pipe
Devices manufactured in the factory consist of cast iron or steel elements. Self-processing of cast iron is almost impossible, so homemade products are welded from steel parts and assembled from plastic pipes
There are several options for the supply, but the most popular is the installation of a pipe with a non-return valve: at one end it is lowered into the water, the other is connected to the pump inlet. The fluid outlet is through another pipe located in the upper part
A typical pump housing is vertical. It is fixed either by landing directly on the casing using flange / sleeve connections, or mounted on the ground using support profiles, masking the latter with soil or decor
The principle of operation of a household pump
Piston model material
The method of connection with a water source
How to install the pump
The advantage of piston column pumps is the ease of assembly and installation. All parts necessary for the manufacture of the housing and dynamic parts can be found on the farm or purchased.
And to connect the elements into a single device, usually enough home tools: drills, circular saws, hacksaws, pliers, keys. If you need a welding machine, then it can be rented or borrowed from neighbors.
Popular Handicraft Pumps
To pump water from one place to another, all kinds of manual pumps are used. Their principle of operation is based on the simplest laws of physics, according to which water can move through pipes and vessels due to differences in temperature, pressure, height, etc. Let us find out how devices made by amateur craftsmen work.
Option # 1 - Casing Piston
Homemade invented by the master for a specific purpose - to pump the well. However, it turned out to be quite productive, therefore, it was subsequently used for pumping water from the pond and as a backup version of the pump during a power outage.
To make a pump, you need a minimum set of tools: a grinder for cutting metal parts, a welding machine and a drill for drilling holes for fasteners
All cutting of steel elements is carried out by an electric circular saw. If you use a hand tool, then the manufacture will drag on for a long time.
To perform the connection of metal parts, experience in welding is required. If you are new to this business, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the rules and nuances of welding.
Homemade pump parts overview:
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For the manufacture of the housing, any hollow metal part of a cylindrical shape, for example, a fragment of a casing, is suitable. Diameter - 125 mm, length - 300 mm
For the manufacture of a round part, 4 mm steel was used, the ring is made of a strip 30 mm wide and 3 mm thick. Two holes are drilled in the center of the circle.
Two outlets are welded to the holes in the base - to the inlet and to the outlet. 1-in. Check valves purchased at the store are attached to both branches by a threaded connection.
A gasket made of thick rubber in the form of a circle with a hole cut out in the center is placed on the base-bottom so as not to impede the water circulating through the nozzles
The stem is made of a 16 mm metal rod. On one side there is a piston attached to it with a nut with a thread of 12 mm: two metal discs, between which a thick piece of rubber is inserted
It is made according to the same principle as the base for the cylinder - from steel 4 mm thick with a welded side. The only difference is the side slightly lower, 20 mm
The lever is made of a pipe 40 * 20 mm. It is mounted on the lid using a stand 20 * 20 mm. Both parts are not fixed, but move on connecting bolts
To firmly connect the base to the top cover and give stability to the structure, 10 mm threaded rods are used that are installed along the cylinder on both sides
Casing Cylinder Body
Lower cover for installing the cylinder
A pair of check valves on the nozzles
Rubber gasket for sealing
Piston fixed to the rod
Round cylinder cover
Metal lever with cover
Metal connecting studs
For installation on the ground, a kind of foundation is used - a design of metal pipes 20 * 40 mm and 20 * 20 mm. Thanks to the long welded pipes, the pump stands firmly in a strictly vertical position.
Option # 2 - a rod pump for a well
The model, made of a ready-made fire extinguisher case, differs from the previous one by reliability and greater productivity.
A home-made "samovar" can be safely installed on a well up to 15 m deep. It is not necessary to use it in a constant mode, however, in the absence of electricity or for cleaning a well, it will be simply irreplaceable.
The principle of operation is the same: due to rarefaction in the zone of movement of the piston, water flows from the well into the pump housing, and from there through the outlet pipe to the outside, into the substituted container.
The device is suitable for servicing a well, well, pool, pond or other body of water. It can pump not only clean water, but also dirty liquid with silt, sand and dirt.
For manufacturing, you will need a tool for cutting and processing metal parts, as well as a welding machine. We will consider the distinctive features of the model in more detail.
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For the manufacture of the body used a standard carbon dioxide fire extinguisher with a volume of 5 l, which has a cut bottom. The thickness of the metal walls is 5 mm. On a bed fixed by corners 35 mm
As the base used a piece of sheet steel 77 mm in thickness. Size - 310 * 240 mm. Four legs are welded from below, from above - pump housing and lever stand
A short ½-inch welded-in flange with a plug on the thread is necessary to fill the water inside the casing, if for some reason it will not be there
For the manufacture of the outlet pipe, a ¾ inch steel pipe was used, or rather two fragments of it, welded at an angle. At the end - threaded adapter from ¾ to ½ inch
From the bottom to the bed, exactly under the body, a second flange is welded, designed to draw water. С threaded end of pipe assumes pipe or hose connection
Two finished steel handles are welded on both sides to carry the heavy pump. Instead, you can use homemade curved elements from a wire rod of 10 mm
The body is not welded to the base, but mounted on a thick sealing rubber, in the central part of which a hole is cut. Over rubber - M6 mounting bolts
A metal rod with a cross section of 14 mm was used as a rod. A thick wire or a piece of reinforcement does not fit - it should be as strong as possible and not deform over time
Pump housing - fire extinguisher
Ground bed
Branch pipe in the upper part of the body
Spout to spout for water supply
Handles for carrying the structure
Seal between bed and body
Piston rod
From above, all metal parts are treated with a primer to protect against corrosion, since the pump will be outdoors, in the open.
On top of the primer, it must be coated with metal paint to make the protective layer as strong and tight as possible.
It looks like a piston, which is responsible for the movement of water. This is a perforated metal round plate 5 mm + thick rubber seal. Diameter of holes - 10 mm
It is difficult to judge the exact performance of the device; testing is necessary. However, it can be said that about one to three liters of water is pumped at one click of the lever, that is, with just 3-4 clicks you can fill the bucket.
If the instructions for assembling your homemade work seemed complicated to you and you do not want to waste time manufacturing, but you need a pump for pumping dirty water, we advise you to look at ready-made models sold in stores. And to make it easier for you to choose the right model, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the best drainage pumps on the market.
Option # 3 - collapsible model for the summer season
If the well is shallow, an economical and easy-to-use plastic model will cope with the delivery of water to the top.
Summer version of a hand pump, fully assembled from plastic pipes with a diameter of 20 and 50 mm. Only check valve and filter are made of metal
For self-assembly you will need:
- 50 mm sewer plastic pipes - 2 pieces of 3 m each;
- strainer for mounting on the end of the pipe;
- thin PP pipe 20 mm with thread for mounting the check valve;
- factory-made check valve;
- handle fastening from a tee 25 * 20 mm with a soldered thread;
- metal tube for the handle;
- fluoroplastic gasket for the manufacture of the piston;
- clamps with dowels for fixing the pipe to the walls of the well.
Assembly is as follows. To the flexible PP pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, through which water will move, first a PTFE piston is screwed, then a check valve.
Insert it into a plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, from the side of the check valve close the nozzle with a filter. It turns out the design "pipe in pipe", which must be immersed in the well.
A hole for the pipe is made to the side of the well hatch. Need 2 or 3 clamps with rubber seals to fix the pipe to the wall of the well
To the other end of the PP pipe, a tee is wound, a handle is inserted into it. To pump water, you need to take the handle with both hands and move the pipe up / down.
Outwardly and in the way the handle moves, the pump resembles a manual analogue for pumping bicycle wheels.
The outer part is supplemented with a spout from a piece of sewer pipe and two fittings - a tee and a 90º angle. During the movement of the handle up / down, water is poured from the spout (spout) into the substituted container.
One of the advantages of a simple plastic model is that it can be quickly disassembled. With the onset of cold weather, the outer parts are removed, and the PP pipe is simply pulled out. As a result, there is only one element left - the sewer pipe, but nothing threatens her in the well shaft.
If you change your mind about making a homemade pump, you can always buy ready-made equipment in the store. Here are some tips for choosing a well pump.
Less popular manual modifications
In addition to piston models, which have proven themselves perfectly in factory and artisanal designs, other devices are also used.
They are less productive, but interesting in terms of design and principle of operation.
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Wooden model with flexible stem
Membrane type device
Liner and wheel construction
There are factory models that are impractical to make with your own hands. For example, impeller-based equipment. Such devices are used in the industrial sector, for giving they are not very convenient.
In addition, to buy a compact metal device that looks like a twist for cans will cost no more than to do it yourself.
None of the above designs of homemade pumps suits you? Then we recommend that you look at more options for homemade products, the manufacture of which we considered in the next article.
Before embarking on an independent manufacture of a hand pump, study the experience of home craftsmen. This will help not only learn new technologies, but also avoid annoying mistakes.
Membrane pump operation:
Hose Equipment Instructions:
Testing a simple model for $ 6:
Assembly, modification and installation of a factory product:
The manual water pump is a great helper in difficult situations. If an accident occurs on the electric highway, you will not be left without water: you can pump several buckets from the well with a manual pump.
And in order to assemble a useful device yourself, you do not need to study complex technologies or look for special materials - you will find everything in the household.
You decided to assemble a home-made pump for water from improvised materials? Maybe you want to clarify some points that are not fully understood in this material? Ask your questions in the comments section - we will try to help you.
Or maybe you want to supplement our article with clarifications or useful recommendations? Please write to us about this, express your opinion.