Most domestic holiday villages do not yet have the opportunity to connect to centralized communications. From the infrastructure it is good if there are paved roads and electricity lines. In such conditions, the construction of a brick oven for giving on wood will help to solve an important problem: it will provide thermal energy for heating rooms and for cooking.
We have selected for you the diagrams and orders of the simplest furnace designs, with which the novice master can handle the masonry. With our help, home craftsmen will easily learn the basics of the difficult, but extremely interesting activity of the stove-maker. An impeccably constructed structure will delight both the owner and the household.
In addition to a detailed description of the technology of laying brick stoves, we provide valuable recommendations on the selection of materials for the construction of units. The article meticulously spells out the significant subtleties and the smallest nuances. To help independent stoves, schemes of furnace structures, serial instruction, photos and video manuals are attached.
Materials for the construction of a brick stove
Proper selection of material for a building subjected to high-temperature effects is an important part of the work of a prepared stove. After all, the unit will be operated in far difficult conditions, while it should not cause malfunctions, crack and collapse.
There are many kiln designs. Despite the differences in their arrangement, the same types of materials are used for masonry brick ovens. The differences in their selection depend only on the operation of the structural component for which they are designed.
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Brick oven for solving country problems
Cooking unit for summer houses
Brick heating stove
Heating construction with trestle bed
Universal cooking stove
Russian stove in a summer cottage interior
Brick stove Kamenka in arrangement of a log bath
Metal tank for heating water
In order to determine the purpose and location of these same components, we briefly describe them.
As an independent construction, a brick oven includes:
- Foundation. A supporting structure buried in the ground or arranged in a dry underground, made of rubble stone or brick. For small cottage stoves, the foundation is often made monolithic from reinforced concrete.
- Array This part of the brick kiln includes the unit body together with the furnace, stove appliances and smoke flues - brick channels laid out in the kiln body to increase heat transfer. In addition, a lining is performed inside the firebox - lining made of heat-resistant bricks.
- Chimney. The brick oven is equipped with a channel folded from the same material, because only he can transport flue gas with temperatures up to 500-700º without destruction. Instead of bricks, you can use ceramic blocks.
Steel and asbestos-cement pipes are not suitable for arranging chimneys of brick kilns. They “burn out” in a couple of years, and therefore require regular replacement.
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Construction of a brick kiln array
Grate on the bottom of the firebox
Single hob hob
Firebox lining with chamotte brick
The listed parts of the furnace perform different functions, experience an ambiguous load and the degree of temperature exposure. Therefore, for their device they use different brands of brick and different binder compositions.
For laying a brick stove, the following materials will be required:
- Red solid brick. It is needed for the construction of the stove with smoke, cutting and the outer part of the furnace. It will take fired first-class brick, the technical qualities of which are regulated by GOST 530-2012.
- Refractory refractory brick. This brick is used for lining the stove firebox and laying the “hearth” - the foundations of Russian stoves. The technical quality of the refractory material is regulated by GOST 8691-73.
- Sheet roofing steel, asbofaner, tiles (clinker facing tile, tile). These materials are needed for the outer lining of the portal of the stove.
- Heat-insulating fireproof materials. These are asbestos-cement slabs, mats from mineral wool on a synthetic basis, asbestos board, building felt with impregnation of clay diluted in water. The listed materials are required for flame retardant insulation and cladding.
To perform insulation and cladding, it is unacceptable to use heat-insulating materials, which include bitumen or bitumen-containing ingredients.
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A solid red brick is used in the construction of the stove body, chimney sweeps, structural departments, chimney
For the construction of furnaces without further cladding, a brick with a textured front side is produced.
Refractory refractory bricks are used in the arrangement of surfaces directly in contact with open fire and fuel.
As insulating materials, non-combustible and fire-resistant options are used: asbestos cardboard, building felt impregnated with clay mortar, slabs of asbestos cement and synthetic mineral wool
If there is an opportunity and desire to build a unique stove, it is worth purchasing shaped ceramic bricks. With their help, they perform interesting sculptural decoration, rounded corners and transitions
You will need cast-iron or steel doors with frames needed to equip the blower chamber and chimney cleaning chambers
To equip the stove, you will need a grate, a metal corner to strengthen and provide support, a steel strip, a door for the furnace
A cook-heating or brewing unit will need a cast-iron panel with or without hobs. The presence of burners allows you to increase and decrease the fire
Solid red brick
Non-standard kiln brick
Refractory fireclay brick
Fireproof insulation materials
Figured ceramic brick
Cast iron chamber door
Firebox door and metal corner
Hob cast iron stove without burners
Brick for laying the stove should be carefully selected, carefully check each unit for cracks, chips, sinks, extraneous inclusions. All elements must be uniformly painted and burned.
Used brick, cleaned of mortar after dismantling the destroyed buildings, is allowed to be used in masonry parts of the unit remote from the furnace. For example, it is quite suitable for the device of the lower rows of the furnace foundation.
It is not allowed to use masonry brick contaminated by furnace condensate obtained during dismantling of old stoves.
The composition of the binder materials used in the masonry of a heating or cooking-heating construction made of brick is also ambiguous.
The following solutions will be required:
- Clay sand solution. It is needed for the construction of the main working part of the structure - the furnace massif.
- A mixture of refractory clay with sand. It is required when laying refractory bricks, for example, during the construction of the cooking section, compartments for the built-in boiler or recess for the oven.
- Fireclay masonry mixture. Composition of refractory clay with sifted mountain sand. It is used when laying refractory bricks, i.e. when lining the firebox or when installing the base of the furnace of a Russian stove.
- Lime-cement or lime-sand mortar. It will be needed in the device part of the chimney, located within the attic.
- Cement or lime-cement mortar. It is necessary during the construction of a part of the chimney that rises above the roof.
The composition of the binder solution used in the construction of foundations under the furnace depends on the moisture content of the surrounding soil. If the base is buried in low-moisture rocks, a lime-sand solution will be required. To build a foundation in wet soils, you need a cement mortar.
The clay-sand mixture is prepared independently, although there are now a lot of ready-made masonry compounds on sale, including a mixture of kaolin or red clay with sand. In self-preparation, the fat content of clay, i.e. the presence or absence of tangible grains of sand in it.
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In the independent preparation of the masonry mortar for furnaces, soft or refractory clay is used - a rock that resembles plasticine in consistency. The mass should not have lenses of sand, gravel and organic inclusions
Fine or medium grained sand without inclusions is required. The presence of organic matter, household pollution, gravel and particles larger than 1.5 mm is not allowed.
A refractory mixture made from fireclay powder and finely ground clay is needed for lining. It’s difficult to prepare the components yourself, it’s better to buy a ready-made composition
A brick or rubble foundation, as well as the outer part of the chimney towering above the roof, is placed on a cement mortar
Soft plastic red clay
Sand quarry without inclusions
Refractory masonry mix for stoves and fireplaces
Cement-sand mortar for masonry
Fine clay is dominated by finely divided particles; in lean clay there is sand, which reduces the ductility of the rock. Sand cannot be added to lean clay at all. The ratio is usually selected empirically, mixing rocks and achieving optimal plasticity of the solution.
When using fatty clay, the proportions of it and sand in the mixture can reach 1: 4, but no more. Less could well be. The proportion of sand usually varies, the proportions are selected on the object so that the solution does not crack upon drying and does not change in volume.
A solution of clay with sand, intended for self-laying the stove, is prepared in advance. Not more than a day, but not less than three hours. Natural ingredients must be prepared for kneading. Sand must be sieved through a sieve with cells up to 1.5 mm, the clay should be wiped through a mesh with cells up to 4 mm. In the prepared mass should not be organic inclusions.
When using factory-made building mixtures in the manufacture, they strictly follow the instructions supplied by the manufacturer to their product.
The proportion of sand in home-made masonry mortars depends on the “fat content” of clay. The less grains of sand in its composition, the fatter, and hence the more plastic clay
Solutions for laying a brick stove are prepared in the amount necessary for work. It makes no sense to shut more, because after drying they can not be “rejuvenated”, i.e. dilute with water to its original consistency.
The percentage of homemade clay sand mortar used in the construction of the furnace array must be remembered. After construction, the furnace is finished with the same composition, if it is decided not to leave the building without decoration.
Arrangements to help independent stove-makers
In the selection of the design of the country stove there are a lot of nuances that can not be ignored. The overwhelming majority of wood-burning aggregates in dachas do not constantly heat, which is not in the best way reflected in their functionality and performance.
Due to the limited free space in the country, they try to build a stove alone. They prefer mainly universal designs with a heat-conducting surface and a cast-iron stove with cooking hobs. Although there are adherents of pure heating units.
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Brick oven with forged appliances
Small heating unit
Heat storage mass furnace
We will analyze three options for the construction of brick stoves for cottages, the construction of which is quite possible to cope with your own hands. Consider the universal and heating structures of an extremely simple device, which even with an irregular firebox can be quickly and easily cleaned.
The most popular types of brick stoves can be found in this material.
Option # 1 - stove with a single burner panel
This is an extremely simple and compact design, as if elongated in the vertical direction. In the example, it is equipped with a door with heat-resistant glass that allows you to monitor the process. If it is not possible to purchase just such a door, a cast iron version is quite suitable.
The oven can be performed in two versions: in the universal one - with a hob designed for cooking hot dishes, in a heating one - without a hob for a hob
The width of the small-sized brick structure is 510 mm, which allows it to be placed without problems in traditionally small country houses. The depth of the stove is 640 mm, while the depth of the furnace does not exceed 500 mm. The height of the structure is 2150 mm, the height of the chimney is determined by the position of the pipe relative to the ridge.
An oven is provided, which can be replaced with a drying chamber or a hot water tank. The presence of functional compartments not only allows you to prepare delicious hot dishes at the cottage, but also increases the heat transfer of the brick structure.
Heated air and flue gases during operation of the stove rush up, pass along the rear wall of the cooking compartment, and then flow into the chimney sweeps and then into the chimney. Thermal energy in this building is used to the maximum.
A narrow, vertically oriented design occupies a minimum of space in a country house, but copes with space heating perfectly
The described brick structure includes 31 rows of flat laid bricks. In order for the design to function flawlessly, the following orders should be strictly observed.
During masonry, it is necessary to constantly check the horizontalness of the structure being constructed and to check the diagonal value of the laid sides. There are strict requirements for the thickness of the joints, which must be strictly considered. The maximum thickness of the seams when laying the body and chimneys cannot exceed 5 mm, while lining - 3 mm.
For self-laying of this kiln structure, orders have been developed and material consumption calculated, which is a tangible help for independent builders
In the presented order, the foundation for the stove is not indicated, the specifics of the construction of which are presented in another article on our website. It is poured or built of brick according to standard rules. We assume that the foundation has already been erected, and proceed to the direct laying of the stove.
There are no comments needed for laying the first three rows; everything is extremely simple there. In the 3rd row we put the door for the blower, in the 5th we put the grate. In front of the 6th row device, we put the furnace door: temporarily fix the frame with the door with wire extensions and immediately support it with two side bricks.
At this stage, the blower door is installed, the grate is laid and the firebox door is mounted. In the 11th row they put a cast-iron hob
Next, follow the orders of the order up to the 11th row. After laying, we lay a metal corner or steel strip, stepping back from the rear edge of the already constructed part of the structure exactly the width of one brick. This is necessary to install the hob.
After installing the hob, we continue laying, strictly following the instructions of the orders.Starting from the 12th and following to the 15th row, at the same time we build the walls of the rear smoke channel and the cooking compartment.
At this stage of the construction of the brick stove, a cooking chamber and a chimney are formed, located behind its rear wall
At the end of the laying of the 15th row, we put metal corners or put a slate sheet. They will serve as the basis for the upcoming continuous masonry.
In the 17th row, we put and fix the door of the cleaning chamber. We spread it up to the 22nd row. The result should be a hollow section connected to the smoke channel.
At the third stage of the construction of the stove, the oven is installed and lined with brick, as well as the installation of chimney valves
In the 24th row along the inner edges of our design, we lay out asbestos scraps. Next, we wrap the oven case with asbestos rope, after which we put it on the stove, resting on the trim. Asbestos rope will perform the function of thermal insulation, and at the same time protect the device from burnout.
From the 24th to the 27th row, we cover the oven with bricks, observing the thickness of the seams regulated by the rules.
In the 28th row we put the door through which we will clean the chimney. We fix it as it should with two bricks on the sides and continue the construction.
In the 29th and 31st rows we arrange channels for chimney valves. We simply stack them and carry out further masonry, without binding the devices to the bricks with a solution. Then from the 32nd row we build a chimney.
Option # 2 - an oven for heating adjacent rooms
This design is unconditionally attributed to heating units. It is not equipped with a hob with hobs and an oven. But it perfectly warms up several adjacent rooms, in which it is part of the interior partition.
A stove without a hob and an oven is used as a heating unit. It is set so that no more than three adjacent rooms are heated
The design, like the previous type, is compact due to its elongation in height. In width, it occupies only 510 mm, in a depth of 890 mm.
The height of the heating stove without a chimney is 2380 mm, which is equal to 35 rows of stacked bricks.
In a brick structure, a minimum of functional chambers. A novice stoveman can easily cope with its masonry
We will divide the order guide for laying a heating type of a country brick stove into three conventional parts. We assume that the foundation for it has already been erected in accordance with the general rules.
Orders for masonry from the 1st to the 12th rows represent a construction scheme with the installation of a blower door, a grate and installation of a furnace
The first third shows the ordering schemes from the 1st to the 12th row. We start the starting rows with special care, as we will focus on them in the future. In each row, we check the equality of the diagonals, we control the verticality of the rows with the building level.
In order for the walls to be strictly horizontal, we will periodically check them during masonry plumbing. In case of deviation, it is necessary to immediately correct the errors until the solution has time to set and begin to harden.
Laying of the 1st row is carried out according to the roofing material laid in two rows, roofing felt or similar waterproofing material. For convenience, we fix the waterproofing with a binder solution and mark the outline of the stove under construction on its surface.
In the 2nd row we put a frame with a blower door and proceed to the construction of the chimney. In the 5th row we put the grate, which is the overlap of the blower. In the 6th row, we put a frame with a furnace door and fix it immediately with two bricks on the sides.
From the 5th to the 15th row, the masonry is carried out with fireclay refractory bricks, so that you can not carry out the lining, which would essentially reduce the volume of an already small firebox.
The second stage of the construction of a brick stove is the formation of vertical smoke channels, a firebox and a cleaning chamber
After laying the 16th row in the formed recess in the 15th row, we strengthen its bottom with a cement-sand mortar.
This is necessary to strengthen the bottom of the chamber, designed to clean the smoke channels. Then in the 16th row we put the cleaning door.
At the third stage of the construction of a brick heating installation, further laying of vertical smoke channels, a second cleaning chamber, and the installation of furnace valves are carried out
After we encircle the cleaning door and form this chamber, at the same time we continue to build vertical channels for the chimney down to the 24th row.
Next, proceed to the third stage of masonry. In the 25th row, we begin the construction of a second cleaning chamber. Again, we strengthen the bottom of the previous row with a clay-cement composition, put another door and continue to build a chimney.
In the 28th and 32nd row, we lay the valves that are used as draft regulators. We report the array of the furnace up to the 35th row, so that after it we proceed to the construction of the chimney.
Option # 3 - a stove with a shield and a low trestle bed
A very practical design with a low brick bench, which serves in a Russian hut as a heated sleeper. The construction is more complicated than the previous options, but more practical, because includes a heating unit, and partially furnished, and a hob.
This kiln design also has two flooring solutions. The differences are confined to rows 5 and 6, 5a and 6a. In the second embodiment, a steel corner is placed on the corner of the upper row
In order for the shield of the heating part of the stove to be 1020 mm wide, protrusions are formed on both sides. If you plan to increase heat transfer, the number of chimneys can be increased to 5 pieces. For normal operation of this design, be sure to turn the chimneys above the stove.
This stove has two solutions, the differences of which are determined in rows 5 and 6, as well as in 5a and 6a. The second solution involves installing a steel corner at an angle.
For this design of a brick furnace, there are developed orders, the material consumption necessary for the construction of a universal structure has been calculated. If it is not intended to use a summer valve, it is closed with a brick
Dimensions of the couch are selected individually. It may not be a solid brick structure with cameras for the furnace and cleaning, but a kind of trestle on pillars instead of legs.
Between the posts you need to leave holes with a width of 120 mm. However, a construction with cameras retains heat better.
The ordering is essentially an exact instruction for beginners, who want to build a brick stove in the country with their own hands
It is recommended that this furnace be built on a monolithic foundation, on which asbestos sheets are laid before the construction of the stove. Fireclay refractory brick is used only in the arrangement of the furnace as a lining. Typically, the firebox is built one brick below the installation level of its door.
The lining is carried out with a brick mounted on a rib. The orders given for the construction of this stove will not be described in detail, because the reader has already received ideas about the conventions and the specifics of the construction of stoves.
This stove is suitable for both summer and winter use. In the summer, they cook food on it, in the winter they not only cook, but also bask, dry, and treat colds
It is important to observe the given ordinal schemes, as well as clearly adhere to the proportions and compositions of the binder solutions used in the construction of brick stoves.
Video # 1. A clip to help independent stoves, the material is a visual order of the heating stove:
Video # 2. A detailed guide to the construction of a heating and cooking unit according to ready-made procedures, but with some changes from the contractor:
When choosing a design for the construction of a stove for a summer residence with your own hands, you must consider your own capabilities and skills. It is possible that someone would consider the options we proposed to be too complex or simple. In any case, the information presented will help to get an idea of the furnace structures in order to take advantage of it or to control the actions of the hired stoves.
If you had to independently build a brick stove for a summer residence, please share photos of your own designs. Perhaps you know some subtleties that we did not take into account in our article? Tell our readers about them - leave comments in the block below.